Syncope is a transient, self-limited loss of consciousness due to acute global impairment of cerebral blood flow. The onset is rapid, duration brief, and recovery spontaneous and complete. Other causes of transient loss of consciousness need to be distinguished from syncope which includes: A syncopal prodrome (presyncope) is common, although […]
Clinical Medicine
Blood transfusion complications Complications from a single transfusion: 1. Febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions. It is due to the antibodies to donor leucocytes (HLA antigen). Risk factors: multiparous woman, conditions requiring multiple blood transfusions. Management: 2. Allergic reactions. It is due to plasma proteins and clinically presented as urticaria. Management: […]
Respiration is the movement of oxygen from environment to cells and transport of carbon dioxide from cells to environment. Movement of air into and out the lung is called ventilation. Respiration Examination During examination of respiration, following things should be assessed. Procedure: Respiratory rate: It is how many breaths patient […]
This is pediatrics history taking model 6 months old female child was presented with chief complaints of cough and fever. Here is the history of this case. Pediatrics History Taking Name: ***** ******** Age: 6 months Sex: female Address: ********** ******* Mode of admission: via Emergency Date of admission: 2021-05-22 […]
This is obstetrics history taking model of post-operative case of 25 years old, Parity2 Living2 Abortion0, fourth post-partum day following lower section cesarean section due to obstructed labor. Obstetrics History Taking Name: ************ ********* Age: 26 years Sex: Female Address: ************ *********** Occupation: Teacher Education: Bachelor level Religion: ******* Husband’s […]
Obstetric formula is expressed in terms of gravida, parity live births and abortions (GPLA). Gravida: Gravida denotes how many times the woman became pregnant. It represents the pregnant states both present in past, irrespective of the gestation. Para: Para denotes the previous pregnancies beyond the period of viability (20 weeks […]
This is Obstetrics History Taking model of post-operative case of 25 years old, Parity3 Living3 Abortion1 second post-partum day following vaginal delivery with episiotomy. Obstetrics History Taking Name: ************* ************ Age: 25 years Sex: Female Address: ********** ******************* Occupation: Home-maker Education: No formal education Religion: Hindu Husband’s name: ************ ********** […]
The larynx also known as the voice box is the triangle shaped tubular structure in neck. Laryngoscopy is medical procedure to visualize the larynx and structures around the larynx like epiglottis and vocal cords. The larynx can be visualized by Indirect laryngoscopy is the procedure for the visualization of larynx […]
Nerve block can be divided into central neuraxial block and peripheral block. Central neuraxial block are further of two types viz. spinal (subarachnoid) and epidural. Spinal anesthesia is a form of neuraxial regional anesthesia involving the injection of a local anesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through […]
Peripheral venous cannulation is a basic and very common clinical procedure routinely required in hospital settings. The size of the cannula varies with its color code, also known as the cannula color size. Understanding Cannula Color Size Knowing the cannula color size is crucial for selecting the appropriate cannula for […]
